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Our Technology

PLLs for Oscillators

The main purpose of a Phase Lock Loop (PLL) circuit is to synchronize an output oscillator signal with a reference signal. When the phase difference between the two signals is zero, the system is “locked.” A PLL is a closed-loop system with a control mechanism to reduce any phase error that may occur.  Through the use of frequency dividers and a wide band VCO the PLL is able to generate a wide range of output frequencies from a single input frequency source.​

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These properties are used  for clock synchronization, demodulation, frequency synthesis, clock multipliers, and signal recovery from a noisy communication channel. Since the year 2000, a single integrated circuit can provide a complete PLL building block, and have output frequencies from a fraction of a hertz up to many gigahertz.

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Crystal/MEMS oscillators are one of the most common of all electronic components. They are everywhere—in your radio, TV, PC, laptop, controller, and communications equipment, to name a few. This is because they are unique in working at a single frequency—they are highly stable and drift-free, setting the time reference for all electronics systems sold.

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The use of PLLs as the signal generator for a crystal or MEMS resonator brings huge advantages to clock and timing industry. Rather than having to inventory a different frequency resonator for each application, the crystal oscillator company is able to purchase just one crystal resonator, combine that with Glacier’s PLL products and then simply program the output frequency and feature set desired by their customer. This dramatically shortens leadtimes and minimizes over purchases of resonators and die. The die are also semicustomized in older applications.

 

Outside of the highest performance applications, PLL oscillators perform as well or better than older single frequency oscillators. Lower lead-time, less inventory, equivalent power and performance, PLL’s are the best way to fill out an oscillator product line.

GLINK Memory Technology

The real power of Glacier’s AnyFrequency™ technology lies not just with phase jitter performance, but with the ability to real-time program both functionality and performance.  An innovative approach to the design and structure of a non-volatile memory cell suitable for implementation on standard foundry mixed-signal CMOS processes creates a non-destructive fusible link-based circuit that is insensitive to temperature, process and voltage variations. 

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Modern Polyfuses consist of a polysilicon line, which is programmed applying a voltage across the device. The resultant current permanently alters the resistance. The polysilicon line is a low impedance (before programming), allowing the use of low programming voltages (0.9V–3.3V). Before programming the fuse measures <100 ohms. Following programming the resistance is changed to >100 Kohms. This variation is easily measured generating either a ‘1’ or a ‘0’

 

Glacier’s GLINK Memory Technology is a patented method for reliably
programming fuses without destruction, eliminating the possibility of
fragments and grow back.

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RF Fundamental Oscillator Technology

High Performance, High Frequency RF oscillators are the next wave of technology needed for the highest performance communications systems on the horizon. 400 Gb ethernet will require the lowest noise possible in the oscillator for data acquisition and transmission. The simplest way to look at this is that the lower the noise of the send and receive nodes the further these nodes can be spaced. So the lowest noise products will allow for the fewest data centers resulting in huge infrastructure savings.

 

The current state of the art in noise performance is approximately 30 fS at 500 MHz. Glacier is advancing this state of the art with 10-15 fS up to 1 GHz. This will allow the systems to run faster and further. Please contact Glacier for further discussion about this.

The PLL Market

There has been a race to create the lowest jitter PLLs by some of the leading RFIC companies.  Each of these products fall on the same cost/power/performance vector with the lowest noise products consuming a lot of power.  Glacier's products, on the other hand, fall on their own vector.  Our products bring performance for over 90% of the marketplace but at a much lower power consumption, cost, and die size. 

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The  graph presents PLLs that are being used in the Crystal Oscillator marketplace.   The vertical axis is the Idd of the corresponding PLLs with the outputs disabled.   The Idd is proportional to die complexity and cost.   The horizontal axis represents the typical phase jitter (12 KHz - 20 MHz) of each PLL.   

Get More In Depth Information

If you would like more information about our products and technology, please contact us at info@glaciermicroelectronics.com

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You can also access our application notes, data sheets, and other information in the member section of this website. 

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